December 25, 2019
The Election Commission has not made public any independent security evaluations
3 billion people registered to vote, the Indian national election is the
world&cup
and box canned sealing machines Manufacturers39;s largest democratic
exercise. It is intended for the single purpose of voting and specially designed
for that, rather than relying on a standard operating system like Windows, which
needs to be regularly updated to patch detected security vulnerabilities., which
are software-intensive. In earlier versions of the machine, the chip
manufacturer also wrote the machine code into the chip; today the electronics
companies do it themselves. There are roughly 900 million eligible voters, and
the country has typically seen about two-thirds of them turn out to polling
places. Testing can reveal only some problems, and the absence of problems
during testing does not mean that problems do not exist. (Photo:AP)How does it
work?When a voter arrives at the polling place, she presents a photo ID and the
poll officer checks that she is on the electoral roll.S. (This means about 1 per
cent or 2 per cent of each constituency’s machines will be tested. However, a
scholarly study has demonstrated there are ways to rig the machines.) Opposition
parties have asked the Supreme Court to order audits of half of all electronic
voting machines, but that may not happen with this year’s election.After polling
concludes, India’s electronic voting machines are sealed with a very
old-fashioned technology. With 900 million of India&China
composite film liquid flexible packaging machines Manufacturers39;s
1.
Auditing the machines’ resultsThere is, however, a mechanism for detecting
attacks – that printed-out paper bearing the vote and stored securely with the
electronic equipment. (Photo:AP)Security protections – and concernsThe Indian
electronic voting machine primarily runs on specialized hardware and firmware,
unlike the voting machines used in the U.After each button press, a printer
prints out the voter’s choice on paper and displays it to the voter for a few
seconds, so the person may verify that the vote was recorded correctly. When
it’s her turn to vote, a polling official uses an electronic voting machine’s
control unit to unlock its balloting unit, ready to accept her vote.
In each
constituency, five electronic voting machines will have their results audited by
comparing a manual count of the printouts with the electronic tallies. Then the
paper is dropped into a locked storage box.The Election Commission of India
argues that any manipulation or error would be detected because the electronic
voting machine is tested frequently and candidate representatives # have
opportunities to participate in mock elections immediately before a machine is
used in a real election.
A woman tests an electronic voting machine in India in
advance of that country’s national elections. India uses a domestically designed
and manufactured electronic voting machine – as many as 4 million of them at 1
million polling places.The whole system runs on a battery, so it does not need
to be plugged in. Parties that lose elections often suspect malfeasance and
question the equipment. The voting over seven phases ends May 19, with counting
scheduled for May 23.
The machines’ software is designed, written and tested at
two electronics companies owned by the government of India: Bharat Electronics
Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.At any time during
manufacture, testing and maintenance, it may be possible to introduce
counterfeit chips or swap out other components that could let hackers alter the
results. However, it is possible to make changes that will not be detected.
(Photo:AP)
New Delhi: About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast
their votes over a period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election for
their country’s parliament. The chips for the machines are manufactured outside
India.While the electronic voting machine system is useful and functional,
officials and observers shouldn’t assume there’s no way to tamper with the
results.Different areas of India vote on seven different days, over the course
of a 39-day election period. (This article featured in 'Global Perspective- The
Conversation').
To vote, the voter simply presses the button next to the
candidate of her choice.Each machine requires only a connection between a
balloting unit and a control unit; there are no provisions to connect an
electronic voting machine to a computer network, much less the internet –
including wirelessly. The Election Commission of India has repeatedly claimed
that the electronic voting machines are tamper-proof.The first version of the
Indian electronic voting machine debuted in the state election in Kerala in
1982.About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast their votes over a
period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election.An elderly Indian
citizen is assisted by a polling staff as she prepares to leave after voting at
a polling center during the fourth phase of general elections in Mumbai, India,
Monday, April 29, 2019.
Indians were voting Monday in the fourth phase of a
staggered national election. Election workers hand-tally these individual
machine totals to obtain the election results for each
constituency.bhlfoodmachine.An Indian election official displays a sample paper
record of an electronic ballot during a demonstration of how the equipment
works. However, because no technology can be tamper-proof, each election outcome
should be verified by a manual audit, to ensure that the results are correct,
whatever they may be. (Photo:AP)As I and others have observed, when the machines
are being made, there are a number of opportunities for someone to physically
tamper with an electronic voting machine in ways that preelection device testing
might not detect. Now they’re used in elections throughout the country, which
happen on different days in different areas. A 2013 Supreme Court directive
asked the Election Commission to create that process to protect the integrity of
the balloting process.When it’s time for the polling place to close at the end
of the voting day, each electronic voting machine device and paper-record
storage box is sealed with wax and tape bearing the signatures of
representatives of the various candidates in that election, and stored under
armed guard.
The Election Commission has not made public any independent security
evaluations, so it’s unclear exactly # what is – or isn’t – possible.Indian men
stand in queue to cast their votes at a polling booth in Bardhaman east
constituency, West Bengal state, India, Monday, April 29, 2019. The Election
Commission should certainly continue to improve testing and provide public
reports of independent testing.The balloting unit has a very simple user
interface: a series of buttons with candidate names and symbols.This design does
offer some protections against possible tampering with how votes are recorded
and tallied. In particular, the simplicity of the design allows for simple
attacks, such as intercepting and modifying the signal carried over the
machine’s cable.I have been working on the security of electronic voting systems
for more than 15 years, and, along with other colleagues, have been interested
in understanding how a nation can tally that many votes cast over such a long
period.Indian voters line up outside a polling booth in Mumbai, India, Monday,
April 29, 2019.After the election period is over and it’s time to tally the
votes, the electronic voting machines are brought out, the seals opened and the
vote counts for each control unit are read out from its display board. India
uses a domestically designed and manufactured electronic voting machine – as
many as 4 million of them at 1 million polling places, at least some in
extremely remote locations
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